Synthswap exchange

@external
def add_synth(_synth: address, _pool: address):
    """
    @notice Add a new swappable synth
    @dev Callable by anyone, however `_pool` must exist within the Curve
         pool registry and `_synth` must be a valid synth that is swappable
         within the pool
    @param _synth Address of the synth to add
    @param _pool Address of the Curve pool where `_synth` is swappable
    """
    assert self.synth_pools[_synth] == ZERO_ADDRESS  # dev: already added

    # this will revert if `_synth` is not actually a synth
    self.currency_keys[_synth] = Synth(_synth).currencyKey()

    registry: address = AddressProvider(ADDRESS_PROVIDER).get_registry()
    pool_coins: address[8] = Registry(registry).get_coins(_pool)

    has_synth: bool = False
    for coin in pool_coins:
        if coin == ZERO_ADDRESS:
            assert has_synth  # dev: synth not in pool
            break
        if coin == _synth:
            self.synth_pools[_synth] = _pool
            has_synth = True
        self.swappable_synth[coin] = _synth

    log NewSynth(_synth, _pool)

# synth -> curve pool where it can be traded
synth_pools: public(HashMap[address, address])

...

# synth -> curve pool where it can be traded
synth_pools: public(HashMap[address, address])

...

@view
@internal
def _get_swap_into(_from: address, _synth: address, _amount: uint256) -> uint256:
    registry: address = AddressProvider(ADDRESS_PROVIDER).get_registry()

    intermediate_synth: address = self.swappable_synth[_from]
    pool: address = self.synth_pools[intermediate_synth]

    synth_amount: uint256 = _amount
    if _from != intermediate_synth:
        i: int128 = 0
        j: int128 = 0
        i, j = Registry(registry).get_coin_indices(pool, _from, intermediate_synth)

        synth_amount = Curve(pool).get_dy(i, j, _amount)

    return self.exchanger.getAmountsForExchange(
        synth_amount,
        self.currency_keys[intermediate_synth],
        self.currency_keys[_synth],
    )[0]


@view
@external
def get_swap_into_synth_amount(_from: address, _synth: address, _amount: uint256) -> uint256:
    """
    @notice Return the amount received when performing a cross-asset swap
    @dev Used to calculate `_expected` when calling `swap_into_synth`. Be sure to
         reduce the value slightly to account for market movement prior to the
         transaction confirmation.
    @param _from Address of the initial asset being exchanged
    @param _synth Address of the synth being swapped into
    @param _amount Amount of `_from` to swap
    @return uint256 Expected amount of `_synth` received
    """
    return self._get_swap_into(_from, _synth, _amount)

@view
@internal
def _get_swap_from(_synth: address, _to: address, _amount: uint256) -> uint256:
    registry: address = AddressProvider(ADDRESS_PROVIDER).get_registry()
    pool: address = self.synth_pools[_synth]

    i: int128 = 0
    j: int128 = 0
    i, j = Registry(registry).get_coin_indices(pool, _synth, _to)

    return Curve(pool).get_dy(i, j, _amount)


@view
@external
def get_swap_from_synth_amount(_synth: address, _to: address, _amount: uint256) -> uint256:
    """
    @notice Return the amount received when swapping out of a settled synth
    @dev Used to calculate `_expected` when calling `swap_from_synth`. Be sure to
         reduce the value slightly to account for market movement prior to the
         transaction confirmation.
    @param _synth Address of the synth being swapped out of
    @param _to Address of the asset to swap into
    @param _amount Amount of `_synth` being exchanged
    @return uint256 Expected amount of `_to` received
    """
    return self._get_swap_from(_synth, _to, _amount)

@view
@internal
def _get_swap_into(_from: address, _synth: address, _amount: uint256) -> uint256:
    registry: address = AddressProvider(ADDRESS_PROVIDER).get_registry()

    intermediate_synth: address = self.swappable_synth[_from]
    pool: address = self.synth_pools[intermediate_synth]

    synth_amount: uint256 = _amount
    if _from != intermediate_synth:
        i: int128 = 0
        j: int128 = 0
        i, j = Registry(registry).get_coin_indices(pool, _from, intermediate_synth)

        synth_amount = Curve(pool).get_dy(i, j, _amount)

    return self.exchanger.getAmountsForExchange(
        synth_amount,
        self.currency_keys[intermediate_synth],
        self.currency_keys[_synth],
    )[0]

...

@view
@internal
def _get_swap_from(_synth: address, _to: address, _amount: uint256) -> uint256:
    registry: address = AddressProvider(ADDRESS_PROVIDER).get_registry()
    pool: address = self.synth_pools[_synth]

    i: int128 = 0
    j: int128 = 0
    i, j = Registry(registry).get_coin_indices(pool, _synth, _to)

    return Curve(pool).get_dy(i, j, _amount)

...

@view
@external
def get_estimated_swap_amount(_from: address, _to: address, _amount: uint256) -> uint256:
    """
    @notice Estimate the final amount received when swapping between `_from` and `_to`
    @dev Actual received amount may be different if synth rates change during settlement
    @param _from Address of the initial asset being exchanged
    @param _to Address of the asset to swap into
    @param _amount Amount of `_from` being exchanged
    @return uint256 Estimated amount of `_to` received
    """
    synth: address = self.swappable_synth[_to]
    synth_amount: uint256 = self._get_swap_into(_from, synth, _amount)
    return self._get_swap_from(synth, _to, synth_amount)

@payable
@external
def swap_into_synth(
    _from: address,
    _synth: address,
    _amount: uint256,
    _expected: uint256,
    _receiver: address = msg.sender,
    _existing_token_id: uint256 = 0,
) -> uint256:
    """
    @notice Perform a cross-asset swap between `_from` and `_synth`
    @dev Synth swaps require a settlement time to complete and so the newly
         generated synth cannot immediately be transferred onward. Calling
         this function mints an NFT which represents ownership of the generated
         synth. Once the settlement time has passed, the owner may claim the
         synth by calling to `swap_from_synth` or `withdraw`.
    @param _from Address of the initial asset being exchanged
    @param _synth Address of the synth being swapped into
    @param _amount Amount of `_from` to swap
    @param _expected Minimum amount of `_synth` to receive
    @param _receiver Address of the recipient of `_synth`, if not given
                       defaults to `msg.sender`
    @param _existing_token_id Token ID to deposit `_synth` into. If left as 0, a new NFT
                       is minted for the generated synth. If non-zero, the token ID
                       must be owned by `msg.sender` and must represent the same
                       synth as is being swapped into.
    @return uint256 NFT token ID
    """
    settler: address = ZERO_ADDRESS
    token_id: uint256 = 0

    if _existing_token_id == 0:
        # if no token ID is given we are initiating a new swap
        count: uint256 = self.id_count
        if count == 0:
            # if there are no availale settler contracts we must deploy a new one
            settler = create_forwarder_to(self.settler_implementation)
            Settler(settler).initialize()
            token_id = convert(settler, uint256)
            log NewSettler(settler)
        else:
            count -= 1
            token_id = self.available_token_ids[count]
            settler = convert(token_id % (2**160), address)
            self.id_count = count
    else:
        # if a token ID is given we are adding to the balance of an existing swap
        # so must check to make sure this is a permitted action
        settler = convert(_existing_token_id % (2**160), address)
        token_id = _existing_token_id
        owner: address = self.id_to_owner[_existing_token_id]
        if msg.sender != owner:
            assert owner != ZERO_ADDRESS, "Unknown Token ID"
            assert (
                self.owner_to_operators[owner][msg.sender] or
                msg.sender == self.id_to_approval[_existing_token_id]
            ), "Caller is not owner or operator"
        assert owner == _receiver, "Receiver is not owner"
        assert Settler(settler).synth() == _synth, "Incorrect synth for Token ID"

    registry_swap: address = AddressProvider(ADDRESS_PROVIDER).get_address(2)
    intermediate_synth: address = self.swappable_synth[_from]
    synth_amount: uint256 = 0

    if intermediate_synth == _from:
        # if `_from` is already a synth, no initial curve exchange is required
        assert ERC20(_from).transferFrom(msg.sender, settler, _amount)
        synth_amount = _amount
    else:
        if _from != 0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE:
            # Vyper equivalent of SafeERC20Transfer, handles most ERC20 return values
            response: Bytes[32] = raw_call(
                _from,
                concat(
                    method_id("transferFrom(address,address,uint256)"),
                    convert(msg.sender, bytes32),
                    convert(self, bytes32),
                    convert(_amount, bytes32),
                ),
                max_outsize=32,
            )
            if len(response) != 0:
                assert convert(response, bool)
            if not self.is_approved[_from][registry_swap]:
                response = raw_call(
                    _from,
                    concat(
                        method_id("approve(address,uint256)"),
                        convert(registry_swap, bytes32),
                        convert(MAX_UINT256, bytes32),
                    ),
                    max_outsize=32,
                )
                if len(response) != 0:
                    assert convert(response, bool)
                self.is_approved[_from][registry_swap] = True

        # use Curve to exchange for initial synth, which is sent to the settler
        synth_amount = RegistrySwap(registry_swap).exchange(
            self.synth_pools[intermediate_synth],
            _from,
            intermediate_synth,
            _amount,
            0,
            settler,
            value=msg.value
        )

    # use Synthetix to convert initial synth into the target synth
    initial_balance: uint256 = ERC20(_synth).balanceOf(settler)
    Settler(settler).convert_synth(
        _synth,
        synth_amount,
        self.currency_keys[intermediate_synth],
        self.currency_keys[_synth]
    )
    final_balance: uint256 = ERC20(_synth).balanceOf(settler)
    assert final_balance - initial_balance >= _expected, "Rekt by slippage"

    # if this is a new swap, mint an NFT to represent the unsettled conversion
    if _existing_token_id == 0:
        self.id_to_owner[token_id] = _receiver
        self.owner_to_token_count[_receiver] += 1
        log Transfer(ZERO_ADDRESS, _receiver, token_id)

    log TokenUpdate(token_id, _receiver, _synth, final_balance)

    return token_id

@view
@external
def token_info(_token_id: uint256) -> TokenInfo:
    """
    @notice Get information about the synth represented by an NFT
    @param _token_id NFT token ID to query info about
    @return NFT owner
            Address of synth within the NFT
            Balance of the synth
            Max settlement time in seconds
    """
    info: TokenInfo = empty(TokenInfo)
    info.owner = self.id_to_owner[_token_id]
    assert info.owner != ZERO_ADDRESS

    settler: address = convert(_token_id % (2**160), address)
    info.synth = Settler(settler).synth()
    info.underlying_balance = ERC20(info.synth).balanceOf(settler)

    if not self.is_settled[_token_id]:
        currency_key: bytes32 = self.currency_keys[info.synth]
        reclaim: uint256 = 0
        rebate: uint256 = 0
        reclaim, rebate = self.exchanger.settlementOwing(settler, currency_key)
        info.underlying_balance = info.underlying_balance - reclaim + rebate
        info.time_to_settle = self.exchanger.maxSecsLeftInWaitingPeriod(settler, currency_key)

    return info

@external
def swap_from_synth(
    _token_id: uint256,
    _to: address,
    _amount: uint256,
    _expected: uint256,
    _receiver: address = msg.sender,
) -> uint256:
    """
    @notice Swap the synth represented by an NFT into another asset.
    @dev Callable by the owner or operator of `_token_id` after the synth settlement
         period has passed. If `_amount` is equal to the entire balance within
         the NFT, the NFT is burned.
    @param _token_id The identifier for an NFT
    @param _to Address of the asset to swap into
    @param _amount Amount of the synth to swap
    @param _expected Minimum amount of `_to` to receive
    @param _receiver Address of the recipient of the synth,
                     if not given defaults to `msg.sender`
    @return uint256 Synth balance remaining in `_token_id`
    """
    owner: address = self.id_to_owner[_token_id]
    if msg.sender != self.id_to_owner[_token_id]:
        assert owner != ZERO_ADDRESS, "Unknown Token ID"
        assert (
            self.owner_to_operators[owner][msg.sender] or
            msg.sender == self.id_to_approval[_token_id]
        ), "Caller is not owner or operator"

    settler: address = convert(_token_id % (2**160), address)
    synth: address = self.swappable_synth[_to]
    pool: address = self.synth_pools[synth]

    # ensure the synth is settled prior to swapping
    if not self.is_settled[_token_id]:
        currency_key: bytes32 = self.currency_keys[synth]
        self.exchanger.settle(settler, currency_key)
        self.is_settled[_token_id] = True

    # use Curve to exchange the synth for another asset which is sent to the receiver
    remaining: uint256 = Settler(settler).exchange(_to, pool, _amount, _expected, _receiver)

    # if the balance of the synth within the NFT is now zero, burn the NFT
    if remaining == 0:
        self.id_to_owner[_token_id] = ZERO_ADDRESS
        self.id_to_approval[_token_id] = ZERO_ADDRESS
        self.is_settled[_token_id] = False
        self.owner_to_token_count[msg.sender] -= 1

        count: uint256 = self.id_count
        # add 2**160 to increment the nonce for next time this settler is used
        self.available_token_ids[count] = _token_id + 2**160
        self.id_count = count + 1

        owner = ZERO_ADDRESS
        synth = ZERO_ADDRESS
        log Transfer(msg.sender, ZERO_ADDRESS, _token_id)

    log TokenUpdate(_token_id, owner, synth, remaining)

    return remaining

@external
def withdraw(_token_id: uint256, _amount: uint256, _receiver: address = msg.sender) -> uint256:
    """
    @notice Withdraw the synth represented by an NFT.
    @dev Callable by the owner or operator of `_token_id` after the synth settlement
         period has passed. If `_amount` is equal to the entire balance within
         the NFT, the NFT is burned.
    @param _token_id The identifier for an NFT
    @param _amount Amount of the synth to withdraw
    @param _receiver Address of the recipient of the synth,
                     if not given defaults to `msg.sender`
    @return uint256 Synth balance remaining in `_token_id`
    """
    owner: address = self.id_to_owner[_token_id]
    if msg.sender != self.id_to_owner[_token_id]:
        assert owner != ZERO_ADDRESS, "Unknown Token ID"
        assert (
            self.owner_to_operators[owner][msg.sender] or
            msg.sender == self.id_to_approval[_token_id]
        ), "Caller is not owner or operator"

    settler: address = convert(_token_id % (2**160), address)
    synth: address = Settler(settler).synth()

    # ensure the synth is settled prior to withdrawal
    if not self.is_settled[_token_id]:
        currency_key: bytes32 = self.currency_keys[synth]
        self.exchanger.settle(settler, currency_key)
        self.is_settled[_token_id] = True

    remaining: uint256 = Settler(settler).withdraw(_receiver, _amount)

    # if the balance of the synth within the NFT is now zero, burn the NFT
    if remaining == 0:
        self.id_to_owner[_token_id] = ZERO_ADDRESS
        self.id_to_approval[_token_id] = ZERO_ADDRESS
        self.is_settled[_token_id] = False
        self.owner_to_token_count[msg.sender] -= 1

        count: uint256 = self.id_count
        # add 2**160 to increment the nonce for next time this settler is used
        self.available_token_ids[count] = _token_id + 2**160
        self.id_count = count + 1

        owner = ZERO_ADDRESS
        synth = ZERO_ADDRESS
        log Transfer(msg.sender, ZERO_ADDRESS, _token_id)


    log TokenUpdate(_token_id, owner, synth, remaining)

    return remaining

@external
def settle(_token_id: uint256) -> bool:
    """
    @notice Settle the synth represented in an NFT.
    @dev Settlement is performed when swapping or withdrawing, there
         is no requirement to call this function separately.
    @param _token_id The identifier for an NFT
    @return bool Success
    """
    if not self.is_settled[_token_id]:
        assert self.id_to_owner[_token_id] != ZERO_ADDRESS, "Unknown Token ID"

        settler: address = convert(_token_id % (2**160), address)
        synth: address = Settler(settler).synth()
        currency_key: bytes32 = self.currency_keys[synth]
        self.exchanger.settle(settler, currency_key)  # dev: settlement failed
        self.is_settled[_token_id] = True

    return True